Ideas

This 'Ideas' page is just some random ideas for ConLangs or parts of ConLangs:

ConLangs that I never finished and have on a Google Sheets Page

ORTHOGRAPHY IDEA

Elder Futhark and ancient Phoenician characters and Brahmic script repurposed for affricates so that almost anyone can use fonts for the language. You may think that that is cheap, but would you rather me use the same old boring Latin characters?

[tθ] 𑀏

[dð] 𑀕

[pn] 𑀧

[kn] 𑀨

[bn] 𑀔

[tm] 𐤋

[dm] 𐤂

[km] ᛚ

[gn] ᚨ

[gm] 𑀉

[fm] 𑀠

[θm] 𑀥

[ðm] 𑀝

[pf] 𑀙

[bv] 𐤒

[fθ] 𐤈

[vð] 𑀣

[mv] 𐤓

[fp] ᚠ

[vb] ᚴ

[gb] 𐤄

[ts] 𐤀

[dz] 𐤊

[ps] 𑀆

[bz] 𑀅

[fs] ᛒ

[vz] ᛊ

[ks] 𑀌

[gz] 𑀋

[θs] ᚬ

[ðz] ᚾ

[kt] ᛞ

[pk] ᛗ

[sn] 𐤍

[sm] 𐤌

[zn] 𑀛

[zm] 𐤑

gɲ/kɲ/pɲ/bɲ/ɬ/ɬ'/pl/bl/

[ɬ] 𐤇

[ɬ'] ﺍ𐤇

[ŋ] ᛜ

[j] ᚲ

[w] ᛃ

[h] ﺍ (from Arabic)

I'm not sure what this is:

p/t/m/b/w/j/ʍ/θ/ð/f/v/q/ʔ - must have 15 consonants at most

a/i/u/ui/ai/iu/au/e/ - must have 8 consonants at most

VC(VC)V

Persons:

zeroth (like in Finnish), first, Second, third m., third f.

Singular, dual, trial, quadral, pl.

active-stative alignment

vocab is just PIE inflected differently and shortened and also:

y > j

aspirated ~ unaspirated

o > u

oi > ui

e > i

s > ∅

Gender: masculine, other

At beginning of verbs.

ʍ = zeroth person

k = first person

θ = second person, sg.

ɬ = third person, m.

f = third person, other

d = indirect objective argument

prepositions are prepositions on verbs but postpositions on nouns.

Orthography

/m/ Μ μ

/p/ Π π

/b/ Β β

/f/ ΜΠ μπ

/v/ ΜΒ μβ

/t/ Τ τ

/q/ Γ q

/ʔ/ λ

/s/ Σ σ/ς

/z/ Ζ ζ

/j/ Ι ι

/w/ Ο ο

/ʍ/ Ω ω

/θ/ Þ þ

/ð/ Δ ð

/ts/ ΤΣ τσ/τς

/qs/ ΓΣ qσ/qς

/ps/ Π

vowels:

/a/ Α α

/e/ Ε ε

/i/ Η η

/u/ Υ υ

19 letters! Much less than Greek or English has! q has no capital version.

Persons as Affixes

first = -k-

second = -t-

third = -r- for m., -f- for f., -g- for everything else.

Koreanish ConLang

Goal/목표 (I don't know how to make Korean plural):

• To be a personal artlang that has cool grammars, primarily

• And as always, to sound cool. I spent a lot of time to make the words sound cool.

Novice Grammar

No sound changes; I just change the words to be shorter.

(C)V(C) is the syllabic structure.

Only vowels are a, e, i, u. No diphthongs.

Comes from Korean vocabulary and orthography.

Very analytic for nouns; more synthetic for verbs.

No genders, except for pronouns in which there are masculine and everything else (or alter). (I thought about having genders, but that would make things too complicated, since there are so many numbers.)

numbers: sg., dual, trial, quadral, plural

Persons: Zeroth (like Finnish), first, second, third.

Every noun has Hawaiian articles to show number and definiteness (is that a word).

No cases.

liquids are only [r]

only nasal is n

l near a consonant in a word > naught

l at end of word or middle of vowels > r

Postpositions; no prepositions. Postpositions can be placed on the end of a verb.

Numbers:

So I decided to go crazy with numbers:

The definite articles, ka and na and der decline for the number.

The articles are from Hawaiian ka and na and Korean deul respectively.

Ga comes from ka and na combined.

Singular

ka

Dual

der

Trial

ku

Quadral

nu

Plural

na

Indefinite articles:

sg.

naught

dual

hi

trial

ha

quadral

hu

pl.

he

Plural can be used as an ambiguous number too, so that if you don't know.

The suffix [u] can be placed on the word itself if it ends in a consonant to make it the direct object when there is also an indirect object. Not needed if there is no indirect object. If it ends in a vowel, [ʔu].

No other cases are needed, because nom. and acc. are suggested by the verb itself.

If the vowel in the article is the same as the word it modifies, and if the article is chosen to go before the noun, then there is an elision, and the vowel on the article is removed. However, this elision is optional and is a bit more informal, but can be used in formal settings the same.

For example, with the words 'em' (from 음) meaning sound, 'a sound' would be 'h'em'.

Apprentice Grammar

prefix for color of: [san]

From 색 meaning color

only surrounds speech in formal settings. Must only go in front in informal ones.

quoted speech is surrounded by: [nan]

From 만 meaning only

only surrounds speech in formal settings. Must only go in front in informal ones.

indirect speech is surrounded by: [je.da]

From 열다 meaning open

(also used for indirect/subordinate clauses when there is a question word involved.)

Contracted in informal settings as da.

yes or no questions indicated by suffix on the word being questioned: [da.san]

from 단순한 meaning simple

other questions indicated by suffix on the word being questioned: [bo.gan]

from 복잡한 meaning complex

negative prefix: [ne] before consonants and [neʔ] before vowels except e. Before a word starting with e, it is [n].

From PIE [me] meaning not.

Leading in questions:

placed at the end of the sentence with a slight pause and higher intonation.

Expecting a yes answer

[a.ni] along with the direct object repeated, or if intransitive, the subject repeats. (from 아니 meaning no)

Expecting a no answer

[je] along with the direct object repeated, or if intransitive, the subject repeats. (from 예 meaning yes)

No 'to be' verb.

Questions word questions:

Who: [nu.ga] from 누가,

What: [nuʔ.os.el] from 무엇을,

When [ene] from 언제,

[wa] from 왜

[e.te.ge] from 어떻게

For subordinate clauses with these words, just surround the clause with it like parentheses.

Subordinate Clauses

He is anxious when it happens.

Informal:

[He bu.ran.han en.e ir.en.an.ip en.e]

Formal:

He buranhan ene irenanirp jeda.

he = re

is = naught (to be verb is unnecessary)

anxious = buranhan (from 불안한)

when = ene

shows subordinate clause starting = da

shows subordinate clause starting and ending = jeda

happens = irenani (from 일어난 일)

Conjugations for persons

first = -k-

second = -t-

third = -r- for m., -p- for f.

zeroth = h

Pronouns

(used for emphasis or to show number with an article)

Only singular pronouns are shown, because the rest of the numbers are expressed by articles.

I = ke

thou (you sg.) = te

he = re

she/it = pe

to be clear for female = we

Pronouns have an accusative case:

me = ku

thou = tu

he = ru

she/it = pu

to be clear for female = wu

The vowels may be elided if the vowel matches the e at the beginning of the word it is placed before.

Unofficial Fortish Assimilating Lang

Basic consonants

Stops: [p], [t], [k]

Fricative: [s], [h]

nasal: [m], [n]

approximant: [l]

[z] is an allophone for s only adjacent to voiced consonants. Also [ŋ] and [n] are allophones.

Modified Basic Consonants

Stops: [t], [k], [d], [g]

Fricative: [s], [z] [h], [θ], [ð], [f], [v], [x], [ʃ]

nasal: [m], [n], [ŋ]

approximant: [l], [r], [ɬ], [j], [w], [ʍ]

Then most consonants have an h-affricate version (not same as aspirated):

Stops: [t‿h], [k‿h], [d‿h], [g‿h]

Fricative: [θ‿h], [f‿h], [v‿h]

nasal: [m‿h], [n‿h], [ŋ‿h]

approximant: [l‿h], [r‿h]

Total number of consonants (not including allophones): 32

(CVC) syllabic structure

Underlined things are just little notes to myself.

Gyfy'ts'red

means

My language

Gyfid - my possessive adjacent

's/'z - posessed-case clitic

red - language

‿

This was inspired by the youtuber Xidnaf, in his video 'What is Even a Word?'

Goals

Go all out on complexity.

Vocabulary based on whatever.

Tons of affricates.

Interesting sounds unlike most languages.

Warm and cold vowel/suffix harmonies.

Cases

This will be enough:

1. Locative

2. Adesive (adjacent to)

3. Instrumental/Agentive in one

4. Accompaniment

5. Postpositional objective

6. Ablative (motion from)

7. Allative (motion to)

8. Accusative of time

9. Essive (like on Monday)

10. Intransative nominative

11. Nominative

12. Posessed

13. Vocative

14. Privative

All consonants (most consonants are affricates):

However, the grammatical cases are just one-letter-clitics. I use the slash symbols here so that it works on the word generator. Link further down.

These can be in the first syllable of a word:

ts/tθ/dð/fθ/pn/dz/vð/tm/fs/pf/dm/vz/bv/kn/km/θs/fp/gn/gm/ðz/vb/fm/ps/mv/bz/θm/ks/ðm/gz/sn/sm/zn/zm/ŋ/gɲ/kɲ/pɲ/bɲ/ɬ/ɬ'/bn/kt/h/vɲ/fɲ/kθ/gð

These must be in the second, third, etc. syllable of a word:

tsj/fθj/dzj/vðj//fsj/pfj/vzj/bvj/kmj/plj/blj/ðzj/vbj/psj/bzj/ksj/gzj/snj/smj/znj/zmj/kpj/gbj/ŋj/ktj/hj/

tsw/fθw/dzw/vðw//fsw/pfw/vzw/bvw/qmw/ðzw/vbw/psw/bzw/ksw/gzw/snw/smw/znw/zmw/kpw/gbw/ŋw/plw/blw/ktw/hw/

Used in grammatical cases:

/b/k/d/f/g/h/k/m/n/ɲ/ŋ/p/q/s/t/v/w/z/θ/ð/

Vowels:

a/i/u/y/e/o/ʌ/ai/au/ay/ae/ao/iu/iy/ia/ie/io/iʌ/ʌi/eo/eu/ea/oe/oi/ou/uo/ua/ue/ə/

Syllables are in (C)CCV(C) and V forms. To get syllables, I used:<http://akana.conlang.org/tools/awkwords/>

Then I took some difficult combinations of syllables out.

For example, 'j' and 'w' are never used before a diphthong.

/ɬ/ never has a 'j' or 'w' after it. It is too difficult to pronounce. And I'm saying that after making all of these difficult affricates!

/nj/ is always pronounced as /ɲ/ in this language instead, so change this, Keegster!

Note that there are no rhotic sounds.

not much distinction between adjectives and verbs.

Nouns and adverbs are different, though.

To use Xidnaf's example:

The cat who lives in the garage's toy.

ORTHOGRAPHY

Younger Futhark and ancient Phoenician characters and Brahmic script repurposed for affricates so that almost anyone can use fonts for the language.

ORTHOGRAPHY

Hangeul repurposed completely to be unrecognisable; I used the simplest units possible. They stand in for these affricates. This is so you could type these characters fairly easily in many fonts. Also, Hangeul looks awesome.

The cosnonant clusters are represented with a syllable block containing an [i]. [pn] is written as pin, for example, in Hangeul letters. [θ] is represented by ㄸ; ɲ by nj or ㄵ; [f] by mp or ㅁㅍ; [v] by ㅁㅂ

Thus, certain syllables written are not syllables spoken but just sounds.

You may think that that is cheap, but would you rather me use the same old boring Latin characters?

[tθ]

[dð]

[fθ]

[vð]

[θs]

[ðz]

[kθ]

[gð]

[pn]

[bn]

[kn]

[gn]

[tm]

[dm]

[km]

[gm]

[fm]

[θm]

[ðm]

[sm]

[zm]

[pf]

[bv]

[mv]

[fp]

[vb]

[ts]

[dz]

[ps]

[bz]

[fs]

[vz]

[ks]

[gz]

[sn]

[zn]

[kt]

[gɲ]

[kɲ]

[pɲ]

[bɲ]

[fɲ]

[vɲ]

*[ɬ] ᔭ

*[ɬ'] ᔮ

[ŋ]ㅇ

[j] ㅣ

[w] ㅜ

[h] ㅎ

[a] ㅏ

[i] ㅣ

[u] ㅜ

[y] ㅢ

[e] ㅔ

[o] ㅗ

*[ʌ] ㆍ

* don't fit neatly into syllable blocks.

punctuation:

˥/˩ for full stops.

Words are like this:

CVCCV