![[DISCONTINUED] - Lanaşiane Romance Conlang](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/e3d26104c6664d8f0765470492f63df9.jpg/v1/fill/w_408,h_256,fp_0.50_0.50,q_90,enc_auto/e3d26104c6664d8f0765470492f63df9.jpg)
[DISCONTINUED] - Lanaşiane Romance Conlang
I have studied and loved Latin for almost six years, so where else would I start! I also love Italian, but know only it a little. So without any further adieu, let us start:
NAME
The 'Li Lani' name has been recently changed to 'Lanaşiane' meaning loosely '(member) of the woolen (place)', (from the same root as '-ian' as in Italian for a '(member) of Italy') so that it fits into sentences more easily by being declinable. This is because I absolutely love wool.
OVERVIEW
The words which are underlined may or may not be deleted. I am in the process of deciding which of these I can change or delete, or they may have been created originally to be temporary but to inform readers.
Number of words (not forms)...~37
number of phonemes................24
number of diphthongs...............7
number of affricates..................4
grammatical cases......................5
This language is meant to be fit in and be understood fairly well with the rest of the real-life Romance languages (especially by Italian and French) but also have a distinct system.
Goals of the language:
To have heaps of freedom with word order and pronunciation (however the usual word order is SVO but having other options is nice for poetry.),
to flow smoothly off one's tongue,
to have -e (masculine) and -a (feminine) endings,
to be infested with h-insertion (or h-adding),
to have an easy but interesting orthography available in most fonts, and most importantly...
to sound cool.
You can decide whether I accomplished this.
PHONOLOGY
Phonetic Inventory
The first option for each sound is the most common within the '/'s. Other than that, within the '/'s, there is no significant order.
Consonants:
NOT COMPLETE
rhotics: /r~ʀ~ɾ~χ~x/
The affricates need the curved line above them to show simultaneousness:
Affricates: /bv/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/
Vowels:
/a~ə/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /ʊ/ /u/
/ai/, /au/, /ei/ /eu/, /oi/, /ou/, /ui/
Sound Changes from Latin
Consonants:
consonants at end of word > ∅
s > ʃ when adjacent to an e/i.
c > tʃ when adjacent to an e/i.
g > dʒ when adjacent to an e/i.
t > ʃ when before an e/i
nte/nti > ntʃe/ntʃ OR ntʃsi
4*same vowel+w+same vowel > same vowel... sometimes
4*same vowel+l+same vowel > same vowel (unless taking out the l would make the word only one syllable)
t/d/p/b+r > t/d/p/b+ar
est/ste > eʃt/ʃte
ʃim > ʃm
Vowels:
ae > e
u > o
stressed o > uo > sometimes a ue (at the end of words)
a at beginning of word > ha, unless the 'a' at the beginning of a word is from a preposition or a preposition per se.
Where ab was in Latin > a
repeating vowel > one vowel
vowels drop at the beginnings of frequently used words sometimes
cognates come from nominatives of frequently used words sometimes
Something odd about these rules though is that a name like 'Olivia' will become 'Oia' because the 'l' and 'v' disappear.
4*However, saying that, 'l' and 'v' do not disappear if taking those letters out make a word indistinguishable from another. For example, novus, nos, and nullus (meaning new, we, and none/no) become nuove, nui, and noe instead of the expected noe, nuoi, and nue, when in some forms would become indistinguishable, especially since these are very common words. And it's near impossible to go without these words. Try going a day without saying new, we, us, none, or no. I dare you. Also, names from other cultures do not follow these rules, and names from even the same culture do not change so dramatically, because they are not normal words. In Lanac,e, names almost always stay the same, so Olivia would be just Olivia (with v pronounced at bv as per usual), but not Oia. Also uove (meaning egg) and uova (meaning sheep) have a 'v' from Latin still, because uoe and uoa is hard to understand. Also the 'vowel' on either side must be the same.
ORTOGRAPHY
Every letter is pronounced the way they are spelt. No silent e's or what not. However, an 'i' after a 'ç' can be pronounced /i/ or not pronounced at all or be pronounced as a /j/ as in the word in English, 'yes'. Same with 'ģ' and 'ş'. Also, 'ea' is pronounced as /a/ like in Romanian. The 'u' before two 'l's are pronounced as a /ʊ/ as in the word 'pull' in English:
Mea cullpa ! /ma cʊlpa/ My fault!
For now, cc, is pronounced the same as c, but this may be changed in the future and the orthography will change to be smoother on the tongue.
Capitalization:
All substantives are capitalized unless in the gen.
All pronouns including possessive pronouns are capitalized.
Punctuation:
In the past, some people proposed these punctuation marks: a question mark represented by a 'ȹ' mark, which is a 'q' and 'o' put together from the Latin word for question, 'quaestio'. The exclamation mark would be a 'ɒ' which is an 'ı' and an 'o' put together, since 'io' was the onomatopoeia of excitement, anger, etc. But these symbols are not used.
Instead the punctuation marks for '?' and '!' are '.~' and '!'. Much like how the Spanish invented the '¿' and '¡', the Lanaçiani people developed the '.~' to replace all other question-mark-like symbols, which instead better show the inflections in speech (or so it is thought).
Next, the full stop '.' and the colon ':' and the semicolon ';' and the comma ',' are all not used for grammar but instead a tool for reading for catching a breath as they were in English when the marks first came about. In Lanaçiane, these marks stayed this way, but in a certain order. It's not so much of the time of the pause that distinguishes these marks but the ratio between each other. It is in pu (pause units), an arbitrary unit to show this ratio.
The period = 3 pu
Semi colon = 2 pu
Colon = 2 pu
Comma = 1 pu
Here are the letters and the sound they represent.
The orthography is on the left, pronunciation on the right. Reason to the right of that.
Letter IPA More Information
Aa /a/
Bb /b/
Cc /k/
Çç /tʃ/
Dd /d/
Ee /e/
Ff /f/
Gg /g/
Ģģ /dʒ/
Hh /h/
Ii /i/
Jj /j/
Ll /l/
Mm /m/
Nn /n/
Oo /o/ not /oʊ/ like in American English
Pp /p/
Qq /k/
Q̧q̧ /t͡ɕʰ ~ tʃ/ used only in foreign words
Rr /r/
Ss /s/
Şş /ʃ/
Tt /t/
Uu /u/
Vv /bv/
Xx /ks/
Yy /y ~ i ~ u/ used rarely but is in pronouns
Zz /z/
Z̧z̧ /ʒ/ only used in oriental words
Nn before g/c /ŋ/ like 'singing' in English
NOUNS/ADJECTIVES
Grammatical Cases
The cases are given as nominative, genitive/dative, accusative, and locative represented as nom., gen./dat., acc., and loc. respectively. Singular and plural are represented as sg. and pl. respectively also.
The phonetic pronunciation, written in the Intonational Phonetic Alphabet, is given just after the othographical representation.
Masculine:
sg. pl.
nom.: e /e/ nom.: i /i/
gen./dat.: i /i/ gen./dat.: ou /oʔu/
acc.: em /em/ acc.: es /es/
loc.: i /i/ loc.: is /is/
Feminine:
sg. pl.
nom.: a /a/ nom.: e /e/
gen./dat.: e /e/ gen./dat.: au /aʔu/
acc.: am /am/ acc.: aş /as/
loc.: i /i/ loc.: is /is/
Note that the genitive is a case. The preposition 'de/da' is going to be used as well much like both 'of' and ''s' are used in English. But also it makes the system makes this language a little more distinct.
'M' became 'n' in definite articles because n is easier to say just before an other word in sentences like 'Carp len diem' (meaning seize the day) rather than 'Carp lem diem'. This pattern of m-n switches is observed in Portuguese's 'um' from the latin 'unus', meaning this m-n switch has precedent.
In masculine words that ending in '-or' or '-er', the '-e' ending for the nom. sg. case is omitted.
Grammatical Conjugations
esser (meaning to be)
Grammatical Shifts from Latin
The nom. and voc. got too close and the voc. won, unlike in most Romance Languages where the nom. won, and these cases became one and the same.
Also, second, third, fourth, and fifth declensions in latin merged to form one weird looking masculine declension.
The gen. and dat. grew too close as the third and second declensions merged making one less case.
Loc. case grew from the dat. and abl. combined and from the remaining words with the locative case in Latin such as with 'loci' and 'humi' and 'soli' and 'domi' etc.
'-orum' and '-arum' endings for the gen. pl. became '-/oʔu/' and '/aʔu/' because the last consonant was dropped and the 'r' between the two vowels was difficult to pronounce in words that ended with '-aro' already such as in the word 'şiniştare' which would have become 'şiniştararo' in the genitive plural. 'Şiniştararo' is rather difficult to pronounce with all of its rhotic consonants repeating after each other.
The '/aʃ/ pronunciation of '-aş' in the gen. pl. acc., even though it is not adjacent to the vowels 'e' or 'i', came about because all the other declensions with 's' at the end became the 'ʃ' sound and so the 'as' matched that becoming the '-aş'. I hope that makes sense. <-scratch that: those are all pronounced s now because they don't blend in with the words as much and are quicker to say.
Verb Conjugations
To save room and make things a little simpler, just use this link for all the possible conjugations of any type of verb. Verbs are in first, second, third, third -io, and fourth conjugations, as in Latin.
However, even though it looks complicated, it is meant to be simpler than Latin, but similar to Latin, so it should be easier to memorize for people.
VOCABULARY
English is written first, the Classical Latin cognates are written second, and my language's words are written third to the right of it. The '/' symbol shows the 'nom./gen.' cases and the commas separate the masculine from the feminine versions of a word (m.,f.). The word or signifies an alternative spelling/pronunciation that is used in the same way and correct. '&' signifies that both words are used in a way but are still different in meaning. 'N/A means 'not applicable'. Adieu:
Pronouns:
Locative case does not apply to pronouns. Also, pronouns are declined irregularly.
I & me:
sg. pl.
nom.: ge nui
3*gen.: N/A N/A
dat.: mi nuebi
acc.: me nueş
loc.: N/A N/A
'Ge' from Latin 'ego'. 'Me' from Latin 'me'. 'Nui' from Latin 'nos'.
Thou (informal singular you):
sg.
nom.: tu
3*gen.: N/A
dat.: tui
acc.: te
loc.: N/A
'Tu' from Latin 'tu'.
You (formal singular you):
sg.
nom.: voi
3*gen.: N/A
dat.: vobi
acc.: voeş
loc.: N/A
'Voi' from Latin 'vos'.
1*Ye (plural you):
sg.
nom.: vui
3*gen. N/A
dat.: vuebi
acc.: vueş
loc.: N/A
'Vui' from Latin 'vos'.
2*He & him & they:
sg. pl.
nom.: le li 3*gen.: N/A N/A
dat.: li lou
acc.: lem leş
loc.: N/A N/A
'Le' from Latin 'ille'.
2*She & her & they (f.)
sg. pl.
nom. la /la/ le /le/
3*gen. N/A N/A
dat. le lau
acc. lam laş
loc. N/A N/A
'La' from Latin 'illa'.
1* note difference yet similarity between plural and formal singular -- vui and voi.
2* note that these are very similar to the definite articles.
3* the job that the genitive pronouns would have had is taken up by the possessive adjectives instead.
Posessive Pronouns
Reflexives (himself, herself, themselves):
Like Latin, relative clauses work differently than one would expect. They are in the subjunctive and their subjects are accusative. And so these are needed. These words are the same as they are in Latin, but conjugated differently:
nom.: şe
gen.: şi
acc.: şe & şeşe
loc.: N/A
double reflexive accusative - sese (to be the object on relative clauses)
Interrogatives:
The interrogatives are extremely similar to Latin, because the case system only works with minor variation in these words
Masculine:
Who..............................qui
From Latin 'qui'.
Whose..........................cois
From Latin 'cuius'.
Whom (indirect obj.)..coi
From Latin 'cui'.
Whom (direct obj.)......quem
From Latin 'quem'.
What..............................quod
All the above words can be used as linking words.
Where............................quo
Whither (where to).......adquo
Whence (where from)..aquo
Why.................................quor (why)/paro quem (for what for emphasis)
how/like/as....................quomo
when...............................quando
how much......................quanto
which..............................qualo (From qualis)
Conjunction interrogatives:
why..................................quor/paro quem
or......................................ot
but... ma
since...dex
although....benque
well....ben (not bene)
1000+ most common English words, according to Wiktionary, translated:
These are the rules for this section. Not all sections. This section is like a dictionary. It needs its own rules to be understood fully.
The '>' and '<' show the word in orthography. The '/'s show the IPA pronunciation.
(I use the < & > in this case because I have the etymology too, meaning there are other words without those brackets that mean something usually. Usually orthography is expressed without <,>.)
Parantheses: '(' and ')' show optional added sounds in a word in the IPA transcription. [and ] show the part of speech a word is. This is displayed after the principal parts of the word are given. The [ and ] also show the language the word derives from etymologically. { and } will display the more in depth meaning of the word, if the originally translation does not explain enough. This is given after the part of speech.
The etymology shown is in italics to make it a little easier to read and see some boundary between words but still being compact.
MAJOR CHANGES CHANGE THESE THINGS: BLOG UPDATE
able...............................<puoson>/pwoson/ <puoşer>/pwoʃer/ [v.] From: possum, posse [Latin]
about/concerning.......<de> /de/ [prep.] From: de [Latin]
absolute........................<absuoluşe> /abswoluʃe/ [adj.] From: absolutus [Latin]
accept...........................<haççipio> /hatʃipio/ <haççiper> /hatʃ(i)per/ [v.] From: accipio, accipere [Latin]
account/story...............<hiştoria> /hiʃtoriə/ [n.] {story}; From: historia, [Latin] <habeo> /habeʔo/ <haber> /haber/ [v.] {hold} From: habeo, habere [Latin]
achieve..........................<adtingo> /adtiŋgo/ <adtinģer> /adtindʒer/ [v.] {touch at} From: adtingo, adtingere [Latin]
across.............................<tarans> /tarants/ [prep.] From: trans [Latin]
act.................................. <acşiona> /akʃ(i)onə/ [n.] {deed} From: actio [Latin] <spaşie> (or spaçie) [stage of a play or act of a play] From: spatium (or spacium) [Latin] <hago> /hago>, <haģer> /hadʒer/ [v.] {do} From: ago, agere [Latin]
active............................<hacşive> /hakʃ(i)bve/ [adj.] From: activus [Latin] <svifane> /s(b)vifane/ [adj.] From: swifan [Old English]
actual............................<actuale> /aktuale/ [adj.] From: actualis [Latin]
add................................<addo> /ado/, <adder> /ader/ [v.] From: addo, addere [Latin]
address.........................<haççipio> /hatʃ(i)pio) <haççiper> /hatʃ(i)per/ [v.] From: accipio, accipere [Latin]
<addireççier> /addiretʃ(i)er/ <addireççieri> /addiretʃ(i)eri/ [n.] From: From: adrecier [Old French]
admit.............................................<admitto> <admişşer> [v.]
advertise.......................................paroclamore [n.]; paroclamo, paroclamar [v.]
affect..............................................adfiçio, adfiçer [v.]
afford.............................................offiro, offirir (v.)
after...............................................puos (prep.) (from post)
afternoon......................................puosmedie
again..............................................işero (adv.) (from iterum)
against...........................................verşe (prep.) (from versus)
age..................................................etata (n.) (from aetas)
agent..............................................miniştaro (n.) (also servant); or aģençe (n.)
ago..................................................depuos
agree...............................................haççipio, haççiper (v.)
by means of (object).....................per (prep.)
by agent of (person).....................a (prep.)
dream............................................<suognia>
give................................................do, dere (v.)
with...............................................<cum> /kum/ [prep.] {accompaniment] From: cum [Latin]
<addireççier> /addiretʃ(i)er/ <addireççieri> /addiretʃ(i)eri/ [n.]
TEXTS